Understanding Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition and the most common form of eczema. It causes irritation, inflammation, redness, and itching. When the top layer of skin lacks moisture, it can dry out and become inflamed. Scratching the itch can cause further damage, redness, swelling, and oozing.
Atopic dermatitis does not have one single cause. Contributing factors may include genetics, immune-mediated abnormalities in the skin barrier, and environmental stressors such as dry weather, hot water, harsh soaps, and fragrances.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
- Dry, itchy skin
- Rashes on the face, backs of the elbows and knees, hands, and feet
- Redness
- Flaky or scaly skin that may thicken over time
Atopic dermatitis often begins in early childhood, but adults may experience it as well.
Diagnosis
During an evaluation, a dermatologist may ask about current symptoms, medical history, and previous occurrences of eczema. The affected areas are also examined. Allergy tests may be considered before a diagnosis is made.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the symptoms and severity. More than one therapy may be used to manage symptoms, limit flare-ups, and support the skin barrier. Options include:
- Emollients as part of a routine to prevent dry skin
- Avoiding perfumed creams, perfumes, soaps, and perfumed products used on clothing
- Topical steroids and non-steroidal agents
- Topical or oral antibiotics when a skin infection is present
- Medications, including injectable biologics, to reduce inflammation
- Phototherapy using ultraviolet A or ultraviolet B light
